{"id":331,"date":"2010-02-16T08:12:40","date_gmt":"2010-02-16T13:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/?p=331"},"modified":"2010-02-16T11:37:38","modified_gmt":"2010-02-16T16:37:38","slug":"video-imperfection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/?p=331","title":{"rendered":"Video Imperfection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There is a small flaw in the video section of the Apple 1, that causes spikes in the video signal.  This results in extra pixels in the display.  Here is a worst case display, with brightness turned way up, of those pixels, with no characters displayed ( the screen should be blank).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/videopixels.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/videopixels-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"videopixels\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-330\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/videopixels-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/videopixels.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I have been able to confirm with some help that this fault also occurs  on the Obtronix and original Apple Is.  I&#8217;ve tracked this down to cross talk between the video signal from C13-6 to the 3K resistor and CLK03, which feeds the 2504s clocks.  These two signals share adjacent traces across the top of row D, just above the large ground trace.<\/p>\n<p>Wendell S. has done some further analysis and has determined that the fault is caused by the high impedance nature of the video output circuit.    Wendell writes &#8220;The node driving the 3K can be very high impedance when both C13-6 and D1-13 are high so the network is very susceptible to pick-up as you described (nice catch!). The impedance of the node is set by the base current of Q5 as it pulls down the emitter followers in the TTL outputs.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve ordered some transistors with lower Beta in order to see if I can eliminate this noise.  I also did a quick test by pulling down the output C-13, Pin 6, with a 2.2K resistor and as expected, the noise completely disappeared.  Another fix is to bypass the trace by lifting one leg of the 3K resistor and C-13, pin 6 and running a jumper wire, avoiding the crosstalk.<\/p>\n<p>Along with the aforementioned lower beta transistors, I&#8217;ve ordered some capacitors that I hope more closely mimic the originals.  The assembly manual is also moving along, though I had a bit of a setback recently, when I accidentally put the whole manual into a bullet type format.  I&#8217;m still undoing that.  I&#8217;ll put a PDF version online once I finalize it.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve been getting a number of inquiries about bare boards and kits.  Bare boards should be shipping in about a week and will cost $150.   Kits should be ready about a week after that and will cost $666.66.  <\/p>\n<p>Folks that are on the wait list will get first chance to order.  I may have to order a new batch of boards, before I get completely through the wait list. Delivery of my first batch was pretty quick, about 2 weeks, so I don&#8217;t expect huge delays if I do run out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is a small flaw in the video section of the Apple 1, that causes spikes in the video signal. This results in extra pixels in the display. Here is a worst case display, with brightness turned way up, of &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/?p=331\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apple1","category-apple"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=331"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":347,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/331\/revisions\/347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.willegal.net\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}